A Historical Brew
California Common, often referred to as “Steam Beer,” is a uniquely American beer style with deep roots in the history of California’s Gold Rush era. The term “steam beer” originated in the mid-19th century when brewers in San Francisco developed a new brewing method to cope with the lack of refrigeration. Unlike traditional lagers, which require cold fermentation, California Common beer was brewed using lager yeast but fermented at warmer ale temperatures. This process resulted in a distinct flavor profile that was both robust and refreshing.
Anchor Brewing Company: The Revival
By the mid-20th century, the California Common beer style had nearly vanished. The revival of this historic beer is credited to Anchor Brewing Company, a San Francisco-based brewery that traces its roots back to 1896. In 1965, Fritz Maytag, a descendant of the Maytag appliance family, purchased Anchor Brewing, which was on the verge of closure. Maytag’s dedication to preserving traditional brewing methods and his innovative spirit led to the reintroduction of Anchor Steam Beer in 1971.
Anchor Steam Beer became the flagship product of Anchor Brewing Company and played a crucial role in the American craft beer renaissance. Its success not only saved the brewery but also inspired a new generation of brewers to explore and revive traditional beer styles.
Characteristics of California Common
California Common beer is characterized by its amber to copper color, moderate bitterness, and a unique flavor profile that blends the fruity esters of ale fermentation with the clean, crisp finish of a lager. The use of Northern Brewer hops, a hallmark of the style, imparts a distinct woody and minty character. The malt profile typically includes pale malt as a base, with additions of caramel malt to provide a touch of sweetness and a rich, toasty flavor.
The brewing process for California Common involves fermenting lager yeast at higher temperatures, typically between 55-60°F (13-16°C). This temperature range allows the yeast to produce both lager-like clean flavors and ale-like fruity esters, creating a balanced and complex beer.
The Modern Landscape
Today, California Common beer is a respected and beloved style within the craft beer community. While Anchor Brewing Company’s Anchor Steam remains the most iconic example, many craft breweries across the United States have embraced the style and created their own interpretations.
In the modern craft beer market, California Common is often appreciated for its historical significance and unique brewing process. It stands out in a landscape dominated by hoppy IPAs and rich stouts, offering a flavorful yet approachable alternative. The style has also seen a resurgence of interest among homebrewers, who appreciate the challenge and historical connection of brewing a California Common.
The closure of Anchor Brewing last year has put the future of the most iconic example of the California Common style in doubt. The purchase of the brewery by the billionaire founder of Chobani Yogurt has renewed hope that the beloved beer will not disappear.
The California Common beer style is a testament to the ingenuity and resilience of early American brewers. From its humble beginnings in the Gold Rush era to its revival and enduring popularity today, California Common holds a special place in the history of American brewing. As craft beer enthusiasts continue to seek out new and interesting styles, the California Common stands as a bridge between the past and the present, offering a taste of history in every sip.
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